El metabolismo de los carbohidratos de Litopenaeus setiferus, L. vannamei y L. stylirostris
Palabras clave:
metabolismo, carbohidratos, requerimientos, camarónResumen
Tomando en cuenta la necesidad de explorar a mayor profundidad el metabolismo de
carbohidratos (CBH) de los camarones peneidos, en el presente estudio se reportan los resultados de los
últimos 3 años de una serie de experimentos en los que se integran algunos de los principales mecanismos
enzimáticos y fisiológicos relacionados con el metabolismo de los CBH de L. vannamei, L. setiferus y L.
stylirostris. Durante esta investigación se utilizaron juveniles de L. setiferus (N = 600 ; 0.2 - 1.8 g de peso
vivo inicial) , L. vannamei (N = 840 ; 0.2 - 2.0 g de peso vivo inicial) y L. stylirostris (N= 128 ; 9.5 g de
peso vivo inicial) provenientes de larvas cultivadas en condiciones controladas de laboratorio. En todos los
experimentos los juveniles fueron alimentados con dietas semi-purificadas preparadas con diferentes niveles
de carbohidratos dentro del intervalo de entre 0 y 63% y en 15 y 35o/oo. La tasa de crecimiento relativa
(TCR ) fué máxima en L. vannamei alimentados con dietas con entre 1 y 25% de CBH mientras que en L.
setiferus el mayor crecimiento fué observado en los camarones alimentados con 40% de CBH. La limitada
capacidad de degradación por la a-amilasa y la interferencia que podría ejercer el Glucógeno de la DG
durante la absorción de otros nutrientes podrían ser las principales causas de la limitada substitución de
proteínas por CBH dietéticos. La capacidad de los camarones para sintetizar CBH ha sido ampliamente
demostrada. Un aumento de la actividad de la PECPK en camarones alimentados on dietas con 0% de CBH
durante el presente estudio han puesto en evidencia la independencia metabólica de los CBH que presentan
estas especies.
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