Nutrición y alimentación de larvas de peces marinos
Keywords:
nutrición, alimentación, larvicultura, peces marinosAbstract
Es bien conocido que en el ambiente, la supervivencia de las larvas presenta altas
fluctuaciones, debido a múltiples factores que provocan valores de supervivencia desde
10% hasta 0.1% (Hempel, 1979). Estos factores se pueden dividir en: 1) factores externos y
2) factores internos. 1) Los factores externos se pueden subdividir en dos grupos: a) los
físicos, como la temperatura, la iluminación, el flujo de agua, corrientes, etc., y b) los
químicos, como el oxígeno disuelto, el amonio, la salinidad, el pH, etc., que pueden ser
considerados algunos de los más limitantes para la supervivencia y crecimiento. 2) En el
caso de los factores internos, pueden ser subdivididos en cuatro tipos: a) los genéticos, los
cuales son conferidos por los padres a través del material heredado, b) los etológicos, que
se relacionan directamente con el comportamiento alimenticio y procesos de escape para
evitar ser capturada, c) los biológicos, donde la competencia y depredación rigen su
supervivencia, y d) los nutricionales, los cuales conferirán a las larvas la energía necesaria
para mantener su metabolismo, crecer y asegurar su supervivencia.
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