Avances en la Fisiología Digestiva de la Mojarra Castarrica Cichlasoma urophthalmus
Keywords:
Fisiología, digestiva, Cichlasoma, urophthalmusAbstract
Para mejorar los protocolos de alimentación en los larvicultivos, es menester conocer los cambios morfofuncionales, durante la ontogenia inicial de los peces. El objeto del presente trabajo fue estudiar los cambios morfológicos y de expresión génica ligada a enzimas digestivas en período larvario (0 al 30 después de la eclosión (dde)), así como caracterizar enzimas digestivas en juveniles de C. urophthalmus. Para los estudios morfológicos, las muestras fueron teñidas por H&E y PAS/AB; mientras que para los estudios moleculares, se realizó PCR en tiempo real, utilizando cebadores específicos diseñados para amplificación de α-amilasa, lipasa (dependiente de sales biliares) y fosfatasa alcalina, a partir de cDNA de C. urophthalmus, y determinar su expresión génica. También se valoró la actividad específica de tripsina, quimiotripsina, leucina aminopeptidasa, carboxipeptidasa A, α-amilasa y fosfatasas, presentes en extractos multienzimáticos de estómago e intestino. Se realizaron pruebas de inhibición enzimática y se determinó el pH y temperatura óptimos, de proteasas en condiciones ácidas y alcalinas; así como el efecto de ambos factores, sobre la estabilidad de ambos tipos de enzimas. Los resultados histológicos mostraron que C. urophthalmus desarrolla cambios morfofuncionales relativamente rápidos en estómago, con glándulas gástricas funcionales a los 14 dde. Los estudios moleculares revelaron importante expresión génica de lipasa dependiente de sales biliares y α-amilasa, a partir de los 3 dde, indicando diferenciación y funcionalidad pancréatica. Los estudios de caracterización enzimática en C. urophthalmus demostraron importante actividad de proteasas ácidas y alcalinas (con cierto predominio de éstas últimas), evidenciando hábitos omnívoros, con tendencia a carnivoría.
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