Indicadores del Desarrollo Morfofuncional durante la Ontogenia Inicial de Peces Teleósteos: una Revisión
Palabras clave:
Indicadores, desarrollo, morfofuncional, ontogenia, peces teleósteosResumen
Para optimizar los protocolos de alimentación en peces teleósteos cultivables, en los últimos 30 años, los estudios se han dirigido a optimizar el uso del alimento vivo, durante la primera alimentación en el periodo larvario, que es el más crítico del cultivo de peces, hasta su transformación al juvenil. No obstante que esto ha significado avances innegables en el cultivo de peces marinos y aún dulceacuícolas, los altos costos que implican el establecimiento de infraestructura para los cultivos secundarios, han menguado seriamente la rentabilidad de la acuacultura. Más aún, la calidad nutricional del alimento vivo no siempre es garantía de cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales de los organismos de cultivo. Los indicadores (del tipo morfofuncional, bioquímico, histoquímico, inmunológico, molecular, entre otros), que se han empleado hasta ahora en la investigación de la ontogenia inicial (embrión, larva y juvenil) de peces cultivados, son de importancia crucial, pues contribuyen a proporcionar un mayor número de elementos, que permitirán prescindir cada vez más del alimento vivo con el diseño de alimentos inertes, acordes con la fisiología y capacidad digestivas de los peces cultivados y que a la postre, redundará en hacer más rentable la actividad acuícola. La presente revisión pretende describir los cambios que se suscitan a nivel morfofuncional y a la par, explorar los indicadores que hasta ahora han sido validados como herramientas e incluso los potenciales, con el objeto de conocer el grado de maduración de la morfología y función digestivas, durante la ontogenia inicial de peces teleósteos de importancia comercial.Descargas
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