Broodstock Nutrition: Enhancement of Egg Quality in Channel Catfish
Keywords:
Nutrition, Catfish, Ictalurus, BroodstockAbstract
To facilitate our understanding of the interaction of nutrition and reproductive performance from female channel catfish, two experiments were performed in earthen ponds. The first experiment evaluated the interaction of feed quality (42 and 32% protein) and feed frequency (feed offered 3 or 6 times per week) in two strains (high and low spawning strains). The second experiment assessed the influence of different lipid sources and n3:n6 ratios using a commercial catfish feed containing 32% protein and 5% lipid as the basal diet. Reproductive performance in terms of spawning and egg production was not influenced by changing protein level of the diet from 32 to 42%. Increasing the feeding frequency from 3 to 6 times per week negatively affected spawning in one of the strains, but did not affect egg production. Age and period of spawning affected reproductive performance. In addition to having bigger eggs than their younger counterpart, older fish performed better than younger fish in terms of spawning success, and egg production. Biochemical composition of the eggs was affected significantly by dietary treatment in terms of lipid, fatty acids and free amino acid content.
Lipid supplementation on a 32% protein, 5% lipid commercial catfish diet using soybean and /or, linseed oil, or menhaden fish oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) had no significant effects (p<0.05) on spawning success neither egg production. The quantity of fry produced per female body weight and fry survival from fish fed top-coated feed with menhaden fish oil enriched ARA and DHA were two to five fold greater than those obtained from fish fed with feed supplemented with vegetable oils.
Downloads
References
Anderson A. J., Arthington A. H., Anderson S. (1990) Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of the eggs of some Australian fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and molecular biology, 96B, 267-270
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, APHIS (2011) Use of channel x blue hybrid in U.S. catfish operations. Veterinary services, Info sheet.
Arias, C. R., Cai, W., Peatman, E., Bullard, S. A. (2012) Catfish hybrid Ictalurus punctatus x I. furcatus exhibits higher resistance to columnaris disease than the parental species. Diseases of Aquatic Organims, 100, 77-81. doi: 10.3354/dao02492.
Bell J. G., Sargent J. R. (2003) Arachidonic acid in aquaculture feeds: current status and future opportunities. Aquaculture 218, 491-499
Bromage N. (1995) Brood stock management and seed quality - general considerations. In: Bromage, N. R., Roberts, R. J. (Eds.), Brood stock management and egg and larval quality. Blackwell Science Inc., Cambridge, Great Britain, 424 pp
Brooks S., Tyler C. R. ,Sumpter J. P. (1997) Egg quality in fish: what makes a good egg?. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7, 387-416
Bruce M. P., Shields R. J., Bell M. V., Bromage N. R. (1993) Lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.), in relation to egg quality in captive brood stock. Aquaculture Fisheries Management 24, 417-422
Davis K. B., Simco B. A., Silverstein J. T. (2005) Relationship of gonadal development to body size and plasma sex hormone concentrations in female channel catfish. North American Journal of Aquaculture 67, 259-264
Dunham, R. A., Argue, B. J. (2000). Reproduction among channel catfish, blue catfish and their F1 and F2 hybrids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129, 222-231
Durland, E. R., Quintero, H. E., Davis, D. A., Dunham, R. A. (2010). Influence of forage fish and dietary lipid supplements on egg quality and fry production in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) x blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) hybridization. Aquaculture nutrition 16, 153-162. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00647.x
Farkas T., Csengeri I., Majoros F., Oláh J. (1977) Metabolism of fatty acids in fish. I. Development of essential fatty acid deficiency in the carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758. Aquaculture 11, 147-157
Fernández-Palacios H., Izquierdo M. S., Robaina L., Valencia A., Salhi M., Vergara J. M. (1995) Effect of n-3 HUFA level in brood stock diets on egg quality of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L). Aquaculture 132, 325-337
Quintero, H. and D. Allen Davis. 2015. Broodstock nutrition: enhancement of egg quality in channel catfish. En: Cruz-Suárez, L.E., Ricque-Marie, D.,
Tapia-Salazar, M., Nieto-López, M.G., Villarreal-Cavazos, D. A., Gamboa-Delgado, J., Rivas Vega, M. y Miranda Baeza, A. (Eds), Nutrición Acuícola:
Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México,
ISBN 978-607-27-0593-7, pp. 259-273.
Harel M., Tandler A., Kissil G. W., Applebaum S. W. (1994) The kinetics of nutrient incorporation into body tissues of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) females and the subsequent effects on egg composition and egg quality. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 45-58
Henderson R. J., Tocher D. R. (1987) The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Progress in Lipid Research 26, 281-347
Izquierdo M. S., Fernández-Palacios H., Tacon A. G. J. (2001) Effect of brood stock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture 197, 25-42
Johnston T. A. (1997) Within-population variability in egg characteristics of walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 1006-1014
Kaitaranta J. K., Linko R. R. (1984) Fatty acids in the roe lipids of common food fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and molecular biology, 79B, 331-334
Kerby J. H., Harrell R. M. (1990) Hybridization, genetic manipulation, and gene pool conservation of striped bass. Chapter 11. In: Harrel R. M., Kerby J. H & Minton R. V. (Eds.). Culture and propagation of Striped Bass and its hybrids. Striped Bass Committee, Southern Division. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, USA
Leray C., Nonnotte G., Roubaud P., Leger C. (1985) Incidence of –3 essential fatty acid efficiency on trout reproductive processes. Reproduction nutrition development 25, 567-581.
Metcoff J. (1986) Intracellular amino acid levels as predictors of protein synthesis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 5, 107-120
Mokoginta I., Takeuchi T., Moeljohardjo D. S., Sumawidjaja K., Fardiaz D. (1998) The effect of different ratios of n-6/–3 fatty acids in brood stock diets on egg quality of catfish, Clarias batrachus. Asian Fisheries Science 11, 157-168
Quintero, H. E., Durland, E., Davis, D. A., Dunham, R. (2011). Effect of lipid supplementation on reproductive performance of female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, induced and strip-spawned for hybridization. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17, 117-129. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00709.x
Roley D. D. (1983) The effect of diet protein level, feeding level and rearing water temperature on the growth and reproductive performance of rainbow trout broodstock. PhD. Dissertation. University of Washington. 271 pp
Santiago A. C. (1979) Effects of feeding regime on reproductive performance of female channel catfish in ponds. PhD. dissertation. Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
Santiago C. B., Reyes O. S. (1993) Effect of dietary lipid source on reproductive performance and tissue lipid levels of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) brood stock. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 9, 33-40
Quintero, H. and D. Allen Davis. 2015. Broodstock nutrition: enhancement of egg quality in channel catfish. En: Cruz-Suárez, L.E., Ricque-Marie, D.,
Tapia-Salazar, M., Nieto-López, M.G., Villarreal-Cavazos, D. A., Gamboa-Delgado, J., Rivas Vega, M. y Miranda Baeza, A. (Eds), Nutrición Acuícola:
Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México,
ISBN 978-607-27-0593-7, pp. 259-273.
Sargent J. R. (1995) Origins and functions of egg lipids: nutritional implications. In: Bromage, N. R., Roberts, R. J. (Eds.), Brood stock management and egg and larval quality. Blackwell Science Inc., Cambridge, Great Britain, 424 pp
Sargent J. R., Tocher D. R., Bell J. G. (2002) The lipids. In: Halver, J. E., Hardy, R. W. (Eds.), Fish nutrition. Third Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 824 pp
Shatunovskii M. I. (2006) Some patterns of age and geographical variation in fish fecundity. Biology Bulletin 33, 2: 195-198
Takeuchi T., Watanabe T., Ogino C., Saito M., Nishimura K., Nose T. (1981) Effects of low protein-high calorie diets and deletion of trace elements from a fish meal diet on reproduction of rainbow trout. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific 47, 645-654
Tocher D. R., Sargent J. R. (1984) Analyses of lipids and fatty acids in ripe roes of some northwest European marine fish. Lipids 19, 492-499
United States Department of Agriculture, USDA (2010) Catfish 2010 - Part I: Reference of Catfish health and production practices in the United States, 2009. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services.
United States Department of Agriculture, USDA (2014) 2012 Census of Agriculture, Census of Aquaculture (2013) Vol 3, special studies, part 2. National Agricultural Statistics Service
Wiegand M. D. (1996) Composition, accumulation and utilization of yolk lipids in teleost fish. Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 6, 259-286
