Bait and Ornamental Fish Nutrition
Resumen
Small fish produced specifically for anglers to attract food or game fishes are referred to as “baitfish”. This review
addresses the nutrition and feeding practices for the three main species cultured in the U.S.: the golden shiner,
Notemigonus crysoleucas, goldfish, Carassius auratus, and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Goldfish and
“rosy red” fathead minnows may also be marketed as “feeder” fish for piscivorous pets, and goldfish can be
marketed as ornamental fish. In addition, fathead minnow is widely used as a toxicological and biomedical model.
Multiple approaches are used to study nutrition in bait and ornamental fishes, as some spend most of their lives in
ponds with access to live and prepared foods, while others are confined to aquaria and totally dependent on
prepared diets. The nutritional and economic considerations are different in these scenarios, and diets must be
developed and refined to address these diverse needs. Most of the research on bait and ornamental fishes has
focused on macronutrients. Vitamin research has begun, but mineral nutrition is virtually unaddressed. In addition,
research on feed additives (e.g., prebiotics and probiotics) that have the potential to enhance hardiness and prolong
survival of bait and ornamental fishes throughout the production and marketing cycles has been initiated.
Descargas
Citas
Chen R., Lochmann R, Goodwin A., Praveen K., Dabrowski K., and Lee K.-J. (2003) Alternative complement
activity and resistance to heat stress in golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) are increased by
dietary vitamin C levels in excess of requirements for prevention of deficiency signs. Journal of Nutrition
, 2281-2286.
Chen R., Lochmann R, Goodwin A., Praveen K., Dabrowski K., and Lee K.-J. (2004) Effects of dietary vitamins
C and E on alternative complement activity, hematology, tissue composition, vitamin concentrations and
response to heat stress in juvenile golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas). Aquaculture 242, 553-569.
Davis D.A. and Gatlin D.M., III. (1996) Dietary mineral requirements of fish and marine crustaceans. Reviews in
Fisheries Science 4, 75-99.
Gannam A. (1992) Comparison of an all-vegetable protein diet to a commercial golden shiner diet at moderate and
high stocking densities. Annual report of CSRS project ARK1437, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff,
United States Department of Agriculture.
Gatlin D.M., III. (1987) Whole-body amino acid composition and comparative aspects of amino acid nutrition of
the goldfish, golden shiner and fathead minnow. Aquaculture 60, 223-229.
Hertrampf J.W. (1992) Feeding Aquatic Animals with Phospholipids II. Fishes. Publication No.11, Lucas Meyer
(GmbH and Co.), KG, Hamburg, Germany.
Lochmann R.T. and Brown R. (1997) Soybean-lecithin supplementation of practical diets for juvenile goldfish
(Carassius auratus). Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 74, 149-152.
Lochmann R. and Kumaran S. (2006) Effect of practical diets with animal or vegetable protein sources and poultry
oil or menhaden fish oil on adult fathead minnow in tanks. North American Journal of Aquaculture 68,
-286.
Lochmann R.T. and Phillips H. (1994a) Dietary protein requirement of juvenile golden shiners (Notemigonus
crysoleucas) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) in aquaria. Aquaculture 128, 277-285.
Lochmann, R.T. and Phillips H. (1994b) Vitamin and mineral additions to golden shiners diet tested. Arkansas
Farm Research 43, 8-9.
Lochmann R. and Phillips H. (1996) Stable isotopic evaluation of the relative assimilation of natural and artificial
foods by golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas in ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27,
-177.
Lochmann R., Dabrowski K., Moreau R., and Phillips H. (2001) Responses of juvenile golden shiners fed
semipurified or practical diets with or without supplemental ascorbic acid. Journal of the World
Aquaculture Society 32, 202-209.
Lochmann R. and Phillips H. (2001a) Nutrition and feeding of baitfish. University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
Program, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, United States Department of Agriculture and County
Governments Cooperating. ETB # 256, AFC-01-2.
Lochmann R., and Phillips H. (2001b) Nutritional aspects of health and related components of baitfish
performance. In: Nutrition and Fish Health (ed. By C. Lim and C. Webster), pp. 119-127. Food Products
Press, Binghamton, New York, USA.
Lochmann R., Phillips H., Dasgupta S., Gatlin D., and Rawles S. (2001) Stable carbon isotope ratios and standard
production data as indices of golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, performance in pond feeding trials.
Journal of Applied Aquaculture 11, 21-34.
Lochmann R. and Phillips H. (2002) Nutrition and feeding of baitfish. In: Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of
Finfish for Aquaculture (ed. by C. Lim and C. Webster), pp. 402-412. CAB International Publishers, U.K.
Lochmann R., Stone N., Phillips H. and Bodary, M. (2004) Evaluation of 36%-protein diets with or without animal
protein for rearing tank-hatched golden shiner fry in ponds. North American Journal of Aquaculture 66,
-277.
NRC (National Research Council). (1993) Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press, Washington,
D.C., USA.
Robinson E. and Li M. (2002) Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. In: Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of
Finfish for Aquaculture (ed. by C. Lim and C. Webster), pp. 293-318. CAB International Publishers, U.K.
Robinson E., Li M. and Oberle D. (1998) Catfish Vitamin Nutrition. Bulletin 1978, Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station. Mississippi State, Mississippi.
Stone N., Park E., Dorman L. and Thomforde H. (1997) Baitfish Culture in Arkansas: Golden Shiners, Goldfish,
and Fathead Minnows. Cooperative Extension Program, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, United
States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating.
Thyparambil S. (2004) Effect of astaxanthin or lycopene supplementation of practical diets on performance of
goldfish (Carassius auratus) and sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis). M.S. Thesis, University
of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA.
