Isótopos estables como trazadores nutricionales naturales en larvas y juveniles de Litopenaeus vannamei y Solea senegalensis
Palabras clave:
Trazadores nutricionales, isótopos estables, carbono, nitrógeno dietario, Litopenaeus vannamei, Solea senegalensisResumen
Los isótopos estables han sido ampliamente utilizados como marcadores nutricionales no-peligrosos para
estimar flujos de nutrientes y energía en ecosistemas acuáticos. Los sistemas acuícolas son altamente
viables para realizar evaluaciones isotópicas debido a que en su mayoría representan cadenas alimenticias
cortas y controladas. El presente trabajo muestra una breve revisión de estudios que se han enfocado en
utilizar las diferencias naturales en la composición isotópica de diversos ingredientes, dietas y organismos
consumidores para determinar contribuciones nutricionales al crecimiento. Adicionalmente se presenta
una serie de aplicaciones actuales en las cuales camarón blanco del Pacifico (L. vannamei) y lenguado de
Senegal (S. senegalensis) fueron utilizados como organismos modelo. La contribución nutricional de
harina de pescado y proteína de soya al crecimiento del camarón blanco fue evaluada al formular dietas
con proporciones variables de nitrógeno suministrado por ambos ingredientes. Las contribuciones de
nitrógeno al crecimiento fueron mayores a partir de la harina de pescado. En dos experimentos
adicionales, se cuantificó la incorporación de carbono dietario proveniente de alimento vivo (Artemia) e
inerte consumido por larvas y postlarvas de camarón y lenguado cultivados bajo diferentes regímenes de
co-alimentación. Los aportes nutricionales provenientes del alimento vivo fueron mayores que los
suministrados por el alimento inerte. La estimación de cambios isotópicos en tejido a diferentes tiempos
permitió distinguir la dilución isotópica debida solo a crecimiento y la causada por las tasas metabólicas
de recambio de nutrientes en tejido.
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