Avances en la Nutrición de la Cabrilla Arenera (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus)
Resumen
México es un país con alto potencial de desarrollo, ya que cuenta con aproximadamente
10,000 km2 de costas susceptibles de ser explotables y una innumerable cantidad de
especies nativas con potencial pesquero y acuícola. Desafortunadamente, la mayoría de los
estudios se han enfocado solamente a algunas especies marinas (básicamente crustáceos y
moluscos), y es sorprendente que teniendo esta capacidad de desarrollo, el cultivo de peces
marinos no haya sido considerado seriamente. Sin embargo, existen instituciones
nacionales que se han preocupado por abordar este problema y han iniciado una serie de
estudios aplicados en las diversas áreas de investigación, a fin de desarrollar el cultivo de
especies nativas de importancia comercial.
El Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR) y el Centro de
Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), han venido desarrollando desde hace
más de 7 años investigación en el área de la nutrición de la cabrilla arenera, enfocándose a
organismos en diferentes estadios de desarrollo, y abordando temas tales como nivel de
proteína y digestibilidad in vitro de ingredientes para alimentos de reproductores, anatomía
y desarrollo ontogénico del aparato digestivo y las enzimas digestivas de larvas, evaluación
de alimentos y tiempos de destete en larvas, determinación condiciones experimentales para
realizar bioensayos nutricionales, medición de la digestibilidad in vivo de alimentos, y
evaluación de alimentos con diferentes niveles de proteína y lípidos en juveniles. Todo lo
anterior con la finalidad de diseñar alimentos balanceados que permitan mejorar y
optimizar la supervivencia y el crecimiento de esta especie en cultivo. Para ello, se ha
mantenido una fuerte colaboración entre los grupos de trabajo y se han realizado diversos
proyectos de investigación, lo que ha generado avances importantes tanto en la formación
de recursos humanos, como en la difusión de los resultados sobre los aspectos básicos
nutricionales, que se espera puedan contribuir a implementar el cultivo rentables y
sustentable de la cabrilla arenera a nivel comercial. El presente trabajo es una compilación
de investigaciones realizadas por el CICIMAR y el CIBNOR, donde se presentan los
resultados más relevantes y los avances en la nutrición de la cabrilla arenera, con el fin de
apoyar el cultivo de peces marinos en México.
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