Uso de Microalgas como Complemento Alimenticio de Especies Acuícolas: Efectos en la Condición Fisiológica, Sanitaria e Inmune
Keywords:
Microalgas, Nutrición acuícola, Biopelículas, Compuestos bioactivos.Abstract
Las microalgas son un componente esencial de diversos ecosistemas acuáticos y la base de la cadena trófica en muchos de ellos. Se han utilizado desde hace mucho tiempo en acuacultura principalmente en el cultivo larvario de moluscos, crustáceos y peces. Recientemente se han estado utilizando en la nutrición de organismos acuícolas en las etapas posteriores al cultivo larvario, no solamente como una importante aportación nutricional sino además porque en ellas se encuentran constituyentes que pueden mejorar la condición fisiológica, sanitaria e inmune de los organismos que las consumen. El presente documento es una compilación de información reciente sobre el uso de microalgas en el cultivo de organismos acuícolas más allá de sus etapas larvales, ya sea desarrolladas directamente en las unidades de cultivo o suministradas exógenamente, tanto en fresco como preservadas o incluidas como ingredientes dietarios. . Se incluyen desde luego experiencias y datos originales de los autoresDownloads
References
Anand, P. S., Kohli, M. P. S., Roy, S. D., Sundaray, J. K., Kumar, S., Sinha, A., & Kumar Sukham, M. 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 392:59-68.
Anand, P. S. S., Kohli, M. P., Dam Roy, S., Sundaray, J. K., Kumar, S., Sinha, A., & Pailan, G. H. 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth, immune response and metabolic enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture Research, 46:2277-2288.
Asaduzzaman, M., Wahab, M. A., Verdegem, M. C. J., Benerjee, S., Akter, T., Hasan, M. M., & Azim, M. E. 2009. Effects of addition of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and substrates for periphyton developments on pond ecology and production in C/N-controlled freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming systems. Aquaculture, 287:371-380.
Becker, W. 2004. In Handbook of Microalgal culture. Biotechnology and Applied Phycology. Blackwell Publishing, EUA. 566 p.
Belay, A., Ota, Y., Miyakawa, K., & Shimamatsu, H. 1993. Current knowledge on potential health benefits of Spirulina. Journal of applied Phycology, 5:235-241.
Brown, M.R. 2003. Nutritional value of microalgae for aquaculture. In: Cruz-Suárez, L.E., Ricque-Marie, D., Tapia-Salazar, M., Gaxiola-Cortés, M. G., Simoes, N. (Eds.). Avances en Nutrición Acuícola VI. Memorias del VI Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. 3 al 6 de Septiembre del 2002. Cancún, Quintana Roo, México.
Gangadhar, B., & Keshavanath, P. 2012. Growth performance of rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.) in tanks provided with different levels of sugarcane bagasse as periphyton substrate. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 59:77-82.
Gireesh, R. 2009. Proximate composition, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid content in Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod (Chlorophycea: Dunaliellaceae) cultured with cost-effective seaweed liquid fertilizer medium. Turkish Journal of Botany, 33:21-26.
Godoy, L. C., Odebrecht, C., Ballester, E., Martins, T. G., & Wasielesky Jr, W. 2012. Effect of diatom supplementation during the nursery rearing of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in a heterotrophic culture system. Aquaculture international, 20:559-569.
Guil-Guerrero, J. L., & Rebolloso-Fuentes, M. M. 2008. Nutrient composition of Chlorella spp. and Monodus subterraneus cultured in a bubble column bioreactor. Food Biotechnology, 22:218-233.
Graziani, G., Schiavo, S., Nicolai, M. A., Buono, S., Fogliano, V., Pinto, G., & Pollio, A. 2013. Microalgae as human food: chemical and nutritional characteristics of the thermo-acidophilic microalga Galdieria sulphuraria. Food & Function, 4, 144-152.
Joyce, A., & Utting, S. 2015. The role of exopolymers in hatcheries: an overlooked factor in hatchery hygiene and feed quality. Aquaculture, 446:122-131.
Emerenciano, M. et al. 2015. Recent Advances in Aquaculture Systems Based on Microorganisms: The Biofloc Technology (Bft) Case. En: Cruz-Suárez,
L.E., Ricque-Marie, D., Tapia-Salazar, M., Nieto-López, M.G., Villarreal-Cavazos, D. A., Gamboa-Delgado, J., Rivas Vega, M. y Miranda Baeza, A. (Eds),
Nutrición Acuícola: Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México,
ISBN 978-607-27-0593-7, pp. 62-81.
Kim, S. S., Shin, S. J., Han, H. S., Kim, J. D., & Lee, K. J. 2015. Effects of Dietary Spirulina pacifica on Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 67. First online.
Kupchinsky, Z.A., Coyle, S.D., Bright1, L.A., and Tidwell, J.H. 2015. Evaluation of Heterotrophic Algae Meal as a Diet Ingredient for Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46. First published online, doi: 10.1111/jwas.12200.
Li, H. B., Cheng, K. W., Wong, C. C., Fan, K. W., Chen, F., & Jiang, Y. 2007. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of different fractions of selected microalgae. Food Chemistry, 102:771-776.
López-Elías, J. A., Voltolina, D., Nieves-Soto, M. y Figueroa-Ortiz, L. 2004. Producción y Composición de Microalgas en Laboratorios Comerciales del Noroeste de México. In: Cruz Suárez, L.E., Ricque Marie, D., Nieto López, M.G., Villarreal, D., Scholz, U. y González, M. Avances en Nutrición Acuícola VI I. Memorias del VII Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola.16-19 Noviembre, 2004. Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
Martínez-Córdova, L. R., Campaña-Torres, A., Martínez-Porchas, M., López-Elías, J. A., & García-Sifuentes, C. O. 2012. Effect of alternative mediums on production and proximate composition of the microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri as food in culture of the copepod Acartia sp. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 40: 169-176.
Pacheco‐Vega, J. M., & Sánchez‐Saavedra, M. 2009. The biochemical composition of Chaetoceros muelleri (Lemmermann Grown) with an agricultural fertilizer. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 40:556-560.
Pereira, H., Custódio, L., Rodrigues, M. J., de Sousa, C. B., Oliveira, M., Barreira, L., and Varela, J. 2015. Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extracts of Selected Autochthonous Microalgae Strains from the Red Sea. Marine Drugs, 13:3531-3549.
Roy, S. S., & Pal, R. 2014. Microalgae in Aquaculture: A Review with Special References to Nutritional Value and Fish Dietetics. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 1-8). Springer India.
Sakr, E. M., Shalaby, S. M., Wassef, E. A., El-Sayed, A. F. M., & Moneim, A. I. A. 2015. Evaluation of Periphyton as a Food Source for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles Fed Reduced Protein Levels in Cages. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 27:50-60.
Samarakoon, K. W., Ko, J. Y., Rahman, S. M., Lee, J. H., Kang, M. C., Kwon, O. N., ... & Jeon, Y. J. 2013. In vitro studies of anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of organic solvent extracts from cultured marine microalgae. Algae, 28, 111-119.
Sassano, C. E. N., Gioielli, L. A., Ferreira, L. S., Rodrigues, M. S., Sato, S., Converti, A., & Carvalho, J. C. M. 2010. Evaluation of the composition of continuously-cultivated Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis using ammonium chloride as nitrogen source. biomass and bioenergy, 34:1732-1738.
Emerenciano, M. et al. 2015. Recent Advances in Aquaculture Systems Based on Microorganisms: The Biofloc Technology (Bft) Case. En: Cruz-Suárez,
L.E., Ricque-Marie, D., Tapia-Salazar, M., Nieto-López, M.G., Villarreal-Cavazos, D. A., Gamboa-Delgado, J., Rivas Vega, M. y Miranda Baeza, A. (Eds),
Nutrición Acuícola: Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México,
ISBN 978-607-27-0593-7, pp. 62-81.
Sprague, M., Walton, J., Campbell, P. J., Strachan, F., Dick, J. R., & Bell, J. G. 2015. Replacement of fish oil with a DHA-rich algal meal derived from Schizochytrium sp. on the fatty acid and persistent organic pollutant levels in diets and flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) post-smolts. Food Chemistry, 185:413-421.
Tibbetts, S.M., Milley, J.E., and Lall, S.P. 2015. Chemical composition and nutritional properties of freshwater and marine microalgal biomass cultured in photobioreactors. Journal of Applied Phycology, 27:1109–1119.
Viau, V. E., Ostera, J. M., Tolivia, A., Ballester, E. L., Abreu, P. C., & Rodríguez, E. M. 2012. Contribution of biofilm to water quality, survival and growth of juveniles of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda, Parastacidae). Aquaculture, 324:70-78.
Yadavalli, R., Rao, C.S., Ramgopal, S. R. and Ravichandra, P. 2014. Dairy effluent treatment and lipids production by Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Euglena gracilis: study on open and closed systems. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering; 9: 368–373.
