A Tribute to Dr. Ronald Hardy for his Contribution to Aquaculture Nutrition
Palabras clave:
Aquaculture, Nutrition,Resumen
Ronald William Hardy was born in 1947 in Vancouver, Canada. He comes from a very academically able Canadian/Scottish family. His grandparents came from Scotland and moved to Vancouver in 1909. In his father´s family there were doctors, nurses and also missionaries in Canada near Alaska. Ron´s father worked in agriculture communities around Seattle (an expert in poultry science), and used to take his 6 years old son salmon fishing, that was Ron´s first connection with salmon and trout. His mother came from a family of Scottish farmers, and then scientists; she was a Microbiologist and worked on tuberculosis. Ron took pre-medicine curriculum for 4 years, receiving his BS in Zoology in 1969 at the University of Washington. He took many jobs, including on farms and railroads, to pay for his college education. In 1970 he married Elizabeth the future mother of his daughters (Anna and Clare). Then in 1973, he obtained a M.S. in Animal Sciences/Nutrition at Washington State University; his thesis subject was “Studies on factors in rye which cause growth depression in chicks”. One day at the University Library he found the book of Dr. Halver on fish nutrition and, discovering the important gap in this area with respect to poultry, porcine and bovine nutrition, realized the huge potential of this new activity. Halver´s book was his second inspiration… It was at this time that he commenced his life‟s work on the nutrition of fish, graduating with a PhD in Fisheries at the University of Washington, Seattle (1978). Hardy‟s PhD dissertation subject was “Effects of dietary protein and pyridoxine levels on growth and disease resistance of chinook salmon”, having as mentors Dr. Halver (biochemistry and nutrition) and Dr. Brannon (salmon biology).Descargas
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Hardy, R. W. 1980. Fish Feed Formulation. In Fish Feed Technology. ACDP/REP/80/11, pp. 233-239. FAO, Rome.
Hardy, R. W. 1980. Experimental Design in Diet Studies. In Fish Feed Technology. ACDP/REP/80/11, pp. 363-366. FAO, Rome.
Hardy, R. W. 1989. Practical Feeding - Salmon and Trout. In Nutrition and Feeding of Fish, pp. 185-203. R. T. Lovell (ed). Avi Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, CN.
Hardy, R. W. 1989. Diet Preparation. In Fish Nutrition, 2nd Edition, pp. 473-546. J. E. Halver (ed). Academic Press, NY.
Hardy, R. W. 1991. Nutrient Requirements of Pacific Salmon. In Nutrient Requirements of Fish, pp 105-121. R. P. Wilson (ed) CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
Hardy, R. W. 1992. Fisheries Processing By-products and their Reclamation. In Inedible Meat, Poultry, and Fishery Products (Advances in Meat Research, Volume 8), pp 199-216. A. M. Pearson (ed) Elseview Science Publishers Ltd. Essex, England.
Hardy, R. W. 1995. Current Issues in Salmonid Nutrition. In Nutrition and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture, C. E. Lim and D. J. Sessa (eds). AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois, pp. 26-35.
Pike, I. H. and R. W. Hardy. 1997. Standards for Assessing Quality of Feed Ingredients. In Crustacea Nutrition, pp 473-492. L.R. D‟Abramo, D. E. Conklin, and D. M. Akiyama (eds). World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA.
Hardy, R. W. 1998. Feeding Salmon and Trout. Pp. 175-197 In Nutrition and Feeding of Fish, 2nd Edition, R. T. Lovell (ed). Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Gabaudan, J. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Vitamin Requirements of Fish. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 957-961
Forster, I.P. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Dietary energy. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 292-298
Barrows, F.T. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Feed Manufacturing Technology. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 354-359
Barrows, F.T. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Feed additives. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 335-340
Dong, F.M. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Feed Evaluation, Chemical. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 340-349
Dong, F.M. Hardy, R.W., and Higgs, D.A., 2000. Antinutritional Factors. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 45-50
Hardy, R.W., Fornshell, C.G., and Brannon, E.L., 2000. Rainbow Trout Culture. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 716-722
Roberts, R.R. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Salmon Farming. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 773-778
Li, M.H., Hardy, R.W., and Robinson, E.H., 2000. Dietary Protein Requirements. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 202-209
Li, M.H., Hardy, R.W., and Robinson, E.H., 2000. Protein Sources for Feeds. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 688-695
Hardy, R.W. and Roley, D.D., 2000. Lipid Oxidation and Antioxidants. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp. 470-476
Sugiura, S.H. and Hardy, R.W., 2000. Environmentally friendly feeds. In: Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, R.R. Stickney, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. Pp 299-310.
Hardy, R.W., 2001. The Nutritional Pathology of Teleosts. In: Fish Pathology, Third Edition, R.J. Roberts (editor). W.B.Saunders, London. Pp. 347-366.
Hardy, R.W., 2001. Nutritional deficiencies in commercial aquaculture: likelihood, onset, and identification. In: Nutrition and Fish Health, Chhorn Lim and Carl D. Webster (editors). Food Products Press, New York. Pp. 131-147.
Hardy, R.W., 2002. Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In: Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture, Carl D. Webster and Chhorn Lim (editors). Food Products Press, New York.
Hardy, R.W. and Barrows, F.T., 2002. Diet Formulation and Manufacturing. In: Fish Nutrition, 3rd Edition, J.E. Halver and R.W.Hardy (editors). Academic Press Inc., New York, NY.
Halver, J.E. and Hardy, R.W. 2002. Nutrient Flow and Retention. Pp. 755-770 in: Fish Nutrition, 3rd Edition, J.E. Halver and R.W. Hardy (editors). Academic Press Inc., New York.
Barrows, F.T. and Hardy, R.W., 2002. Nutrition and Feeding. Pp. 483-558 in: Fish Hatchery Management, Second Edition, G. Wedemeyer, editor. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda.
Gatlin, D.M.III and Hardy, R.W. 2002. Manipulations of diets and feeding to reduce losses of nutrients in intensive aquaculture. Pp. 155-165 in: Aquaculture and the Environment in the United States, J.R. Tomasso, editor. U.S. Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA.
Hardy, R.W. 2002. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pp. 184-202 in: Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture, C.D. Webster and C.E. Lin, editors. CABI Publishing, New York, NY.
Hardy, R.W. 2008. Farmed fish diet requirements for the next decade and implications for global availability of nutrients. Pp. 1-16 in: Alternate Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets, C Lim, C.D. Webster and C-S. Lee, editors. The Haworth Press, New York.
Hardy, R.W. 2008. Alternative marine sources of fish feed and farmed fish quality. Pp. 328-342 in: Improving farmed fish quality and safety, Ø. Lie, editor. CRC Press, Woodhead Publishing Limited, New York.
Hardy, R.W. 2009. Aquaculture feeds and ingredients: an overview. Pp. 370-386 in: New Technologies in Aquaculture, G. Burnell and G. Allan, editors. CRC Press, Woodhead Publishing Limited, New York.
Hardy, R.W. 2009. Protein sources for marine shrimp aquafeeds: Perspectives and problems. In: Craig L. Browdy and Darryl E. Jory, Editors, The Rising Tide, Proceedings of the Special Session on Sustainable Shrimp Farming, World Aquaculture 2009. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. pp. 115-125.
