Factores que Afectan la Excreción Nitrogenada en Teleósteos y Crustáceos
Resumen
Los crustáceos y teleósteos son amoniotélicos, comprendiendo el amonio entre el 70 y el 90%
de los catabolitos nitrogenados. La ureagénesis y excreción de urea es relativamente pequeña
en ambos grupos. La excreción de nitrógeno endógeno (ENE) bajo condiciones de ayuno es
relativamente constante para una especie dada, a ciertas condiciones medioambientales.
Varios factores del medio ambiente, así como los factores bióticos afectan la excreción de
nitrógeno amoniacal. En animales alimentados, las proporciones de excreción de nitrógeno
amoniacal están relacionadas directamente a los niveles de proteína digerible consumida y a la
calidad de la proteína. En cultivos donde se usa alimentación, la optimización de la tasa
proteína digerible y energía digerible, así como el perfil de aminoácidos dietéticos, son
esenciales para reducir las pérdidas de nitrógeno y mejorar la utilización de la proteína. El
enfoque nutricional ha demostrado ser eficaz para reducir las descargas de nitrógeno en el
cultivo de salmónidos. Ese tipo de enfoques son muy aplicables a otros teleósteos y
crustáceos.
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