Dietary protein requirement for Litopenaeus vannamei
Palabras clave:
protein requirement, shrimp, L. vannameiResumen
Postlarval (PL) Litopenaeus vannamei of 0.9 and 1.0 mg mean initial weight were reared for
20 and 21 days in fiberglass tanks in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, to determine the optimal dietary
crude protein level for this species and growth stage reared in recirculating systems. Six semi-purified diets
formulated to contain crude protein levels of 10, 18, and 25 %, and crude lipid levels of 3 and 11 % were
evaluated in experiment 1. In experiment 2 semi-purified diets formulated to contain crude protein levels of
5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %, and 8 % crude lipid were evaluated. Mean PL survival in experiment 1 was not
significantly affected by protein level, but was significantly lower for feeds containing 11 % lipid. Mean PL
survival in experiment 2 was above 90% for all treatments and no significant differences were detected.
Diets with 18 and 20 % protein level were adequate to provide similar PL growth as higher protein levels in
these culture conditions in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Lipid level did not affect growth significantly
in experiment 1. Quadratic regression analysis of weight gain data for experiments 1 and 2 indicated the
optimal dietary crude protein level (Xmax) to be 21.4 % and 24.5 %, respectively, while broken-line analysis
indicated to be 20.2 % and 21.5 %, respectively.
Descargas
Citas
Akiyama, D.M., Dominy, W.G., Lawrence A.L., 1992. Penaeid shrimp nutrition. In: Marine Shrimp Culture: Principles
and Practices (Fast, A.L. & Lester, L.J. eds.), pp. 535-568. Elsevier Science Publishing Inc., New York, New
York, USA.
Alava, V.R., Lim, C., 1983. The quantitative protein requirement of Penaeus monodon juveniles in a controlled
environment. Aquaculture, 30, 53-61.
Andrews, J.W., Lowell, V.S., Garry J.B., 1972. The influence of dietary protein and energy levels on growth and survival
of penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture, 1, 341-347.
Aranyakananda, P., 1993. Dietary protein and energy requirements of Penaeus vannamei and the optimal protein to energy
ratio. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Baker, D.H., Fernandez, S.R., Webel, D.M., Parsons C.M., 1996. Sulfur amino acid requirement and cystine replacement
value of broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks posthatching. Poultry Sci., 75, 737-742.
Chen, H.-Y., Zein-Eldin, P., Aldrich, D.V. (1985) Combined effects of shrimp size and dietary protein source on the
growth of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei. J. World Maricult. Soc., 6, 288-296.
Colvin, P.M., 1976. Nutritional studies on penaeid prawns: protein requirements in compounded diets for juvenile Penaeus
indicus (Milne Edwards). Aquaculture, 7, 315-326.
Colvin, L.B., Brand, C.W., 1977. The protein requirement of penaeid shrimp at various life cycle stages in controlled
environment systems. J. World Maricult. Soc., 8, 821-840.
Cousin, M., Cuzon, G., Blanchet, E., Ruelle, F., AQUACOP., 1993. Protein requirements following an optimum dietary
energy to protein ratio for Penaeus vannamei juveniles. In: Proceedings of the Aquaculture Feed Processing and
Nutrition Workshop: Fish Nutrition in Practice (Kaushik, S.J. & Luquet, P. eds.), pp. 599-606. INRA, Paris,
France.
Deshimaru, O., Shigueno, K., 1972. Introduction to the artificial diet for prawn Penaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 1, 115-
Deshimaru, O., Yone, Y., 1978. Optimum level of dietary protein for prawn. Bull. of the Jpn. Soc. of Sci. Fish., 44, 1395-
Goddard, S., 1996. Feed Management in Intensive Aquaculture. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
Hopkins, K.D., 1992. Reporting fish growth: a review of the basics. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 23, 173-179.
Koshio, S., Teshima, S., Kanazawa, A., Watase, T., 1993. The effect of dietary protein content on growth, digestion
efficiency and nitrogen excretion of juvenile kuruma prawns, Penaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 113, 101-114.
Lawrence, A.L., McVey, J.P., Huner, J.V., 1985. Penaeid shrimp culture. In: Crustacean and Mollusk Aquaculture in the
United States (Huner, J.P. & Brown, E.E. eds.). AVI Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Connecticut, USA.
Lentner, M., Bishop, T., 1993. Experimental Design and Analysis. Valley Book Company, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y., Lalli, C.M., 1989. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis.
Pergamon Press Inc., Elmsford, New York, USA.
Perez-Farfante, I., Kensley, B., 1997. Penaeoid and Sergestoid Shrimps and Prawns of the World: Keys and Diagnoses for
the Families and Genera. Editions of the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
Preston-Mercer, L., Dodds, S.J., Gustafson, J.M., 1986. The determination of nutritional requirements: a modeling
approach. Nutr. Rep. Int., 34, 337-350.
Robbins, K. R., 1986. A method, SAS program, and example for fitting the broken-line to growth data. Univ. Tenn. Agric.
Exp. Sta. Res. Rpt., 86-09.
Robbins, K. R., Norton, H.W., Baker, D.H., 1979. Estimation of nutrient requirements from growth data. J. Nutr., 109,
-1714.
Robertson, L., Lawrence, A.L., Castille, F.L., 1993a. Interaction of salinity and feed protein level on growth of Penaeus
vannamei. J. Appl. Acuacult., 2, 43-54.
Robertson, L., Lawrence, A.L., Castille, F.L., 1993b. Effect of feeding frequency and feeding time on growth of Penaeus
vannamei (Boone). Acuacult. Fish. Manage., 24, 1-6.
Rosenberry, B., 1997. World Shrimp Farming (Rosenberry, B. ed.), Shrimp News International, San Diego, California,
USA.
Samocha, T.M., Lawrence, A.L., Bray, W.A., 1993. Design and operation of an intensive nursery raceway system for
penaeid shrimp. In: Handbook of mariculture: crustacean aquaculture (MacVey, J.P. ed.), pp. 173-210. CRC Press
Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
Sedgwick, R.W., 1979. Influence of dietary protein and energy on growth, food consumption and food conversion
efficiency in Penaeus merguiensis De Man. Aquaculture, 16, 7-30.
Shiau, S.-Y., Kwok, C.-C., Chou, B.-S., 1991. Optimal dietary protein level of Penaeus monodon reared in seawater and
brackishwater. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 57, 711-716.
Smith, L.L., Lee, P.L., Lawrence, A.L., Strawn, K., 1985. Growth and digestibility by three sizes of Penaeus vannamei
Boone: effects of dietary protein level and protein source. Aquaculture, 46, 85-96.
Solorzano, L., 1969. Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenolhypochlorite method. Limnol. Oceanogr.,
, 799-801.
Spotte, S., 1979. Fish and Invertebrate Culture: Water Management in Closed Systems. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New
York, New York, USA.
Sturmer, L.N., Samocha, T.M., Lawrence, A.L., 1992. Intensification of penaeid nursery systems. In: Marine Shrimp
Culture: Principles and Practices (Fast, A.W. & Lester, L.J. eds.), pp 321-344. Elsevier Science Publishing Inc.,
New York, New York, USA.
Teshima, S., Kanazawa, A., 1984. Effects of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate levels in purified diets on growth and
survival rates of the prawn larvae. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 50, 1709-1715.
Treece, G.D., Fox, J.M., 1993. Design, Operation and Training Manual for an Intensive Culture Shrimp Hatchery. Texas
A&M University Sea Grant College Program. TAMU-SG-93-505. College Station, Texas, USA.
Velasco M., 1996. Effects of dietary protein:energy ratio and phosphorus level on growth and survival of Penaeus
vannamei postlarvae and on aquacultural water quality. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas, USA. 102 pp.
Velasco, M., Lawrence, A.L., Neill, W.H., 1998. Development of a static-water ecoassay with microcosm tanks for
postlarval Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 161: 79-87.
Villalón, J.R., 1991. Practical Manual for Semi-intensive Commercial Production of Marine Shrimp. Texas A&M
University Sea Grant College Program. TAMU-SG-91-501. College Station, Texas, USA.
Weidner, D., Rosenberry, B., 1992. World shrimp farming. In: Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming
(Wyban, J. ed.). The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Lousiana, USA.
Wickins, J.F., 1976. The tolerance of warm-water prawns to recirculated water. Aquaculture, 9, 19-37.
Wyban, J.A., Sweeney, J.N., Kanna, R.A., 1988. Shrimp yields and economic potential of intensive round pond systems. J.
World Aquacult. Soc., 19, 210-217.
Wyban, J.A., Walsh, A.W., Godin, D.M., 1995. Temperature effects on growth, feeding rate and feed conversion of the
Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 138, 267-279.
