Bioencapsulación de Levadura Probiótica para Larvas de Seriola rivoliana
Palabras clave:
Debaryomyces hansenii, enriquecimiento, alimento vivo, peces marinosResumen
La actividad acuícola crece de manera exponencial, lo que implica la necesidad de alternativas a los métodos tradicionales de producción para disminuir el estrés animal y ambiental. Entre las alternativas utilizadas para el desarrollo sostenible de la actividad, está el uso de los probióticos que son capaces de modular la microbiota intestinal, estimular la respuesta inmune y la maduración del tracto digestivo de larva y juveniles de peces. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un panorama de los trabajos desarrollados con el uso de Debaryomyces hansenii sobre la fisiología digestiva de larvas y juveniles de peces marinos (Mycteroperca rosacea, Lutjanus guttatus), así como como la eficiencia del uso de alimento vivo como vector de D. hansenii para larvas de Seriola rivoliana. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la eficacia en el uso de la levadura D. hansenii como probiótico para las larvas y juveniles de peces de interés comercial, con resultados en el incremento de la actividad de enzimas digestivas y modificación de la morfología intestinal. Los análisis de microscopia electrónica de barrido demostraron la capacidad de la levadura de pasar por el tracto digestivo de las larvas y juvenil y mantenerse viva, ya sea vía alimento inerte o vía alimento vivo a través de bioencapsulación, además, es posible observar los sitios de adhesión de la levadura en la mucosa intestinal. Con los resultados obtenidos se demuestra la posibilidad de administrar la levadura probiótica desde etapas tempranas de desarrollo lo que puede resultar en mejores índices zootécnicos y así establecer protocolos más eficientes de producción.
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