Tendencias y Retos Globales de los Alimentos Para Camarón
Resumen
El presente trabajo revisa las tendencias actuales en la producción mundial de alimentos
acuícolas. A pesar de que no existen estadísticas oficiales sobre la producción global y uso de
alimentos compuestos para camarones marinos, al utilizar como base la producción de
alimentos por país y estimaciones de mercado obtenidas de la industria, se estimó que la
producción global de alimento para camarón fue de entre 1.0 a 1.2 millones de toneladas
métricas (mtm) y valuada en $ 0.65 a $ 0.75 billones de dólares Americanos (USD) para 1997.
Además, el presente trabajo hace una revisión sobre los principales retos que enfrenta el
desarrollo de la industria de alimentos para camarón, incluyendo 1) el poco conocimiento sobre
la nutrición de los camarones, 2) el importante papel que desempeñan la flora y fauna natural
alimento sobre el balance nutricio general del área de cultivo, 3) la poca información sobre los
requerimientos nutricios de los camarones bajo condiciones practica de cultivo, 4) la necesidad
de desarrollar alimentos y estrategias de alimentación que se ajusten a las necesidades del
sistema de cultivo y del acuacultor, 5) la necesidad de reducir la dependencia de los
productores de alimento para acuicultura por el uso de harina de pescado y otras fuentes
provenientes de la pesquería de organismos marinos, 6) la necesidad de considerar los
requerimientos nutricios adicionales para la reproducción del camarón, y para lograr una
óptima salud y resistencia a enfermedades, 7) la necesidad de considerar el valor nutricio y uso
de aditivos alimenticios, 8) la necesidad de maximizar la eficiencia en la utilización de
nutrientes, y minimizar la pérdida de nutrientes y desperdicio de alimento, 9) la posibilidad de
que los ingredientes alimenticios y los alimentos balanceados actúen como vectores para la
introducción y transmisión de patógenos potenciales para el cultivo de camarón, 10) la
importancia del manejo en granja del alimento y del agua como indicadores del éxito o no de
un alimento acuícola, 11) la necesidad de cerrar el ciclo de vida del camarón cultivado por
medio del desarrollo y uso de alimentos mejorados para larvas, de crianza y para
reproductores, 12) la necesidad del sector productor de alimentos acuícolas comerciales para
desarrollar códigos y guías sobre buenas practicas en la elaboración y manejo, y 13) el
importante papel jugado por microorganismos en el mantenimiento de la productividad,
estabilidad y salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos.
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