La Nutrición y Alimentación del Pepino de Mar (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea); Situación Actual y Perspectivas para el Desarrollo de su Cultivo Intensivo
Keywords:
Holoturidos, Acuacultura, Algas, DetritusAbstract
La elevada demanda de pepino de mar en el sureste asiático y particularmente en china, ha generado una
sobreexplotación de existencias silvestres a escala mundial, provocando el agotamiento de pesquerías y
desaparición de poblaciones, por lo que su cultivo se aprecia como una alternativa para satisfacer la demanda.
Su cultivo se inició a mediados del siglo XX en China, donde actualmente la oferta local proviene
exclusivamente de cultivos extensivos y semiintensivos en estanques costeros, encierros en el mar, así como
“sea ranching”. El cultivo intensivo está poco desarrollado, atribuido a la carencia de alimentos apropiados
para las diferentes etapas de desarrollo del organismo, asociados al bajo conocimiento de requerimientos
nutricionales e información para su formulación. Este organismo es bentófago detritívoro, consumiendo
materia orgánica en degradación con restos animales y vegetales acompañados de microorganismos
epibentónicos. Sus requerimientos proteicos y lipídicos rondan en 20 y 2-3% de la dieta, respectivamente.
Existe información sobre sus necesidades de vitaminas C y E, así como de uso ingredientes, que indica que
sus dietas se pueden formular a base de harinas de soya, macroalgas y subproductos agroindustriales. Se
detectan necesidades de información necesaria para la elaboración de dietas apropiadas para su cultivo
intensivo.
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