Review of Bacterial and Yeast Base Single Cell Protein Ingredients as Attractants and Fish Meal Replacements in Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Fishmeal (FM) is extensively used as an ingredient in aquafeeds as an attractant and a major source of protein, resulting in an exploitation of natural fisheries to the level that they are not sustainable nor healthy. Global FM harvest has remained at 4.6 to 6 million metric tons/year for the last 10 years while world aquaculture production has increased from 52.5 million metric tons to 82.1 million metric tons from 2008 to 2018. Of this total amount, marine shrimp accounted for over five million metric tons in 2018. Over 80% of global commercial production of marine shrimp for human consumption use Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. This has stimulated increased research for fishmeal replacement (FMR) using plant, fishery, confectionary, corn and sugar cane from the ethanol production industry, etc. products and by-products. The most promising FMR ingredients are single cell proteins (SCP) using bacteria, yeast and microalgae as sources. This is a review of our research using bacterial and yeast based SCP ingredients as attractants and FMR in diets for L. vannamei.

Our FMR research used materials and methods developed by Texas A&M University System, University of Alabama at Birmingham and University of Sonora using laboratory facilities and clear water RAS which will be summarized in the presentation.