Un Estudio de Caso en el Manejo del Virus del Síndrome de la Mancha Blanca en una Granja de Centroamérica
Keywords:
virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca, Litopenaeus vannameiAbstract
En una granja de cultivo intensivo de camarón en Panamá, Centroamérica, donde la supervivencia de
Litopenaeus vannamei había sido reducida a menos de 10% a lo largo de varios ciclos de cultivo a causa del
virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSSV), principalmente, se utilizaron geomembranas de polietileno
para la construcción de 18 estanques de maternidad de 0.04 ha y 18 estanques de engorda de 0.1 ha, los cuales
fueron sembrados a tasas de 274-371 organismos/m2 y 123-130 organismos/m2, respectivamente. Se
emplearon técnicas para la exclusión de agentes patógenos y sus vectores potenciales en suelo, agua y aire. Se
obtuvo una supervivencia promedio de 80%, utilizando sistemas de cultivo sin intercambio de agua y
postlarvas provenientes de camarones reproductores silvestres, así como postlarvas provenientes de
reproductores domesticados y libres de enfermedades, cuyas producciones promedio fueron de 11,086 kg/ha y
13,241 kg/ha, respectivamente. En estanques de tierra sembrados de forma concurrente en la misma granja, la
supervivencia promedio fue de sólo 8.7%. El manejo de granjas de camarón en áreas infectadas con WSSV es
tratado en el presente trabajo. Los alentadores resultados obtenidos en estos ensayos se discuten en el contexto
de información reciente con respecto a la transmisión de WSSV, la identificación de sus vectores y
reservorios potenciales.
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