Alternativas de acuacultura sostenible: Aspectos nutricionales
Palabras clave:
Acuacultura sostenible; Producción integrada; Microorganismos en acuaculturaResumen
En el presente documento se presentan algunas de las alternativas de acuacultura sostenible que se han probado o se están probando exitosamente en el mundo, destacando especialmente los aspectos nutricionales. Los datos presentados provienen tanto de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica como de las experiencias de nuestro cuerpo académico Biotecnología y Sustentabilidad Acuícolas. Se destaca primordialmente el aprovechamiento de fuentes no convencionales de alimentación, sobre todo, de microorganismos fotoautótrofos y heterótrofos.
Se aborda, de manera particular, la incorporación de microorganismos inmovilizados, tanto producidos exógenamente como producidos ex situ e incorporados directamente al sistema o en el alimento; además, se aborda el uso de microalgas inmovilizadas en el sistema de cultivo o incorporadas al alimento y, finalmente, un novedoso sistema llamado FLOCPONICS.
Las evidencias indican que los aspectos nutricionales se encuentran entre los factores que mayormente contribuyen a la sustentabilidad de la actividad acuícola. Los microorganismos de diverso origen y proporcionados de maneras diversas, contribuyen a la nutrición de organismos acuícolas y al mejoramiento del sistema de cultivo.
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