Bacteriófagos: Herramientas de control biológico para una acuicultura sostenible
Palabras clave:
Crassostrea sikamea, Bacillus spp., microalgas, moluscos, antibióticosResumen
En este estudio se evaluó in vitro la interacción entre bacterias probióticas del género Bacillus y dos especies de microalgas y su efecto posterior in vivo en el cultivo del ostión Kumamoto Crassostrea sikamea. Las cepas probióticas de Bacillus licheniformis (MAt32), B. subtilis (MAt43) y B. subtilis subtilis (GAtB1) se inocularon individualmente por triplicado en matraces de 250 mL conteniendo 1 × 104 unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) mL-1 de bacterias y 4.5 × 104 cél mL-1 de microalgas (Isochrysis galbana o Chaetoceros calcitrans) para evaluar su crecimiento durante un cultivo de 7 días. Adicionalmente, se trataron por triplicado semillas de C. sikamea con cuatro cepas de bacilos individuales o combinadas en un cultivo de 28 días a una concentración de 1x106 UFC mL−1 de la manera siguiente: (a) Control, sin tratamientos; (b) Combinación de dos antibióticos (10 mg L−1); (c) B. licheniformis; (d) B. subtilis; (e) B. subtilis subtilis; (f) mezcla de bacilos. Los resultados mostraron incremento significativo (P < 0.05) en el crecimiento de cepas de Bacillus en co-cultivo con microalgas mientras que el crecimiento de I. galbana co-cultivado con bacterias no se redujo significativamente (P > 0.05) con el grupo control. La semilla de C. sikamea tratada con Bacillus mostró crecimiento y supervivencia significativo comparado con el grupo control. En este estudio, la microalga C. calcitrans fue susceptible a la presencia de bacterias probióticas. Sin embargo, la reducción del crecimiento microalgal observada in vitro no afectó el incremento en crecimiento y supervivencia en el cultivo de semilla de C. sikamea expuesta a bacterias probióticas comparada con aquellas semillas cultivadas sin probióticos.
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