Factors Affecting Metabolic Waste Outputs in Fish
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) metabolic wastes produced by fish are at the origin of most
dissolved N and P waste produced by intensive aquaculture operations. Dissolved N and P
wastes impose constraints on productivity of the operations and may lead to environmental
degradation problems. Reducing outputs of these dissolved wastes is considered a key element
for the long-term sustainability of aquaculture in many parts of the world.
Downloads
References
Azevedo P.A., C.Y. Cho and D.P. Bureau. 1998. Effects of feeding level and water temperature on growth, nutrient
and energy utilization and waste outputs of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Living Res.
:227-238.
Azevedo, P.A., S. Leeson, C.Y. Cho, and D.P. Bureau. 2004. Growth, feed efficiency, and nitrogen, and energy
utilization by post-juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared
in freshwater. Aquaculture Nutrition, in press
Bureau, D.P. and C.Y. Cho. 1999. Phosphorus utilization by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Estimation of
dissolved phosphorus output. Aquaculture 179:127-140.
Encarnacao, P.M., C.F.M. de Lange, M. Rodehutscord, D. Hoehler, W. Bureau and D. P. Bureau. 2004. Diet
digestible energy content affects lysine utilization, but not dietary lysine requirement of rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) for maximum growth. Aquaculture 235, 569-586.
Kaushik, S.J. and C.B. Cowey. 1991. Dietary factors affecting nitrogen excretion by fish. In: Nutritional Strategies
and Aquaculture Waste (ed. by C.B. Cowey & Cho, C.Y.), pp. 3-19. Proc. of the 1st Int. Symp. on Nutr.
Strat. in Man. of Aquacult. Wastes.
Rodehutscord, M. 1996. Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 200 g to
supplements of dibasic sodium phosphate in a semi purified diet. J. Nutr. 126:324-331.s
