Development of Antibiofilm Biosurfactants from Marine Bacteria Against Shrimp Vibrio pathogens
Keywords:
Biosurfactants, vibriosis, shrimp aquaculture, biofilm disruptionAbstract
Vibrio disease is being described as a major bacterial disease obviously known as penaeid bacterial septicaemia,
penaeid Vibriosis, luminescent Vibriosis or red leg diseases. Signs of Vibrio disease include lethargy, tissue and
appendage necrosis, slow growth, slow larval metamorphosis, body malformation, bioluminescence in shrimp
particularly produced in floc systems, muscle opacity, melanization, empty midgut and anorexia. In Asia, V.
alginolyticus and V. harveyi were considered as the most significant pathogens in the grow-out ponds of giant black
tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Survival and pathogenicity of Vibrio was associated with the biofilm formation and
quorum sensing. Therefore, disruption of biofilm formation and/or quorum sensing would be an effective management
strategy in aquatic systems instead of killing the pathogens which obviously leads to the development of resistant
strains. Biosurfactants are surface active smart biomolecules showed strong antibiofilm activity against Vibrio
pathogens. In this report, biofilm producing Vibrio pathogens include V. harveyi VB1, V. alginolyticus VB2, V.
vulnificus VB3, V. fischeri VB4, V. parahaemolyticus VB5 and Photobacterium damselae VB6 were isolated from
the moribund shrimp samples collected from farms located southeast coast of India. Based on their surface-active
properties, we hypothesized that biosurfactants could disrupt biofilms of Vibrio pathogens. To test the hypothesis, we
examined the effects of the lipopeptides extracted from marine bacteria MSI-A 07 and MSI-A 08, on the biofilmforming
capacity of biofilm infection causing pathogenic Vibrio spp. (V. harveyi VB1, V. alginolyticus VB2, V.
vulnificus VB3, V. fischeri VB4, V. parahaemolyticus VB5 and Photobacterium damselae VB6). The both lipopeptide
biosurfactants potentially disrupted biofilm formation under dynamic conditions. The biofilm disruption potential of
the lipopeptide biosurfactants was consistent against all shrimp pathogens. Based on this finding, biosurfactant
incorporated feed can be formulated to contain Vibrio outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture.
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Acknowledgements: Saba Rathnam thankful to MoES for fellowship (JRF). GSK and JS are thankful to
Ministry of Earth Sciences for the funding. This work is a part of MoES funded project.
