Alternativa para la alimentación del camarón en cultivo: el manejo de la muda
Keywords:
Camarón, Cultivo, Muda, AlimentaciónAbstract
El presente trabajo concentra las investigaciones relacionadas al estudio de las muda en crustáceos. Se
discute sobre el impacto fisiológico y anatómico que produce la ecdisis y las posibilidades de aprovechar este
fenómeno cíclico en el cultivo del camarón. Se ha demostrado que los crustáceos modifican su comportamiento
alimentario en función de la muda y se propone utilizar esta como elemento fundamental para determinar la ración
diaria de alimento a administrar a un estanque. Se discute sobre los resultados experimentales del ajuste de la ración
de alimento en el cultivo y las estrategias de aplicación de esta propuesta.
Downloads
References
Ali, Y.O.; Wickins, J.F. 1994. The use of fresh food supplements to ameliorate moulting difficulties in lobsters, Homarus gammarus
(L.), destined for release to the sea. Aquacult. Fish. Manage. 25:483-496.
Amestoy, F.J.1983 Reproduction of two species of the genus Parastacus (Crustacea, Decapoda), under controlled conditions and
their evaluation as aquaculture potentials. Contrib. Dep. Oceanogr. Univ. Republica. vol. 1, no. 1, 11 pp.
Atema, J.; Leavitt, D.F.; Barshaw, D.E.; Cuomo, M.C. 1982. Effects of drilling muds on behavior of the American lobster, Homarus
americanus , in water column and substrate exposures. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 675-690.
Brito-Perez,-R.; Diaz-Iglesia,-E. 1983. Observations on food consumption of juvenile spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus ) kept under
laboratory conditions and its effects upon growth. Rev. Invest. Mar. 4: 75-90.
Ceccaldi, H.J. 1997. Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. In: D'Abramo, L.R., Conklin, D.E. y Akiyama, D.M. (eds.)
Crustacean Nutrition Vol. VI: 261-291.
Chen,-Jiann-Chu; Chen,-Kou-Wei; Chen,-Jiann-Ming. 1996. Effects of saponin on survival, growth, molting and feeding of Penaeus
japonicus juveniles. Aquaculture, 144:165-175.
Culley,-D. 1995. Overview of soft-shell crawfish production. Eighth International Symposium on Astacology. Romaire, R.P. (ed.)
Louisiana State Univ. p. 705.
Dall, W.; Smith, D.M 1986 Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion in fed and starved tiger prawns, Penaeus esculentus
Haswell. Aquaculture, 55: 23-33.
Dawirs, R.R. 1984. Respiratory metabolism of Pagurus bernhardus (Decapoda: Paguridae) megalopa. Mar. Biol. 83: 219-223
Díaz- Granda, E. 1997. Horario de alimentación del camarón Penaeus schmitti en condiciones de engorde semiintensivo. Tesis de
Maestria/. Universidad de La Habana. La Habana, Cuba. 120 p.
Dittel, A.I. 1993. Changes in the feeding habits of Callinectes arcuatus (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Nicoya Gulf, Costa Rica. Rev.
Biol. Trop. 41: 639-646.
Drach, P. 1939. Mue et cycle t'intermue chez les crustacés décapodes. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., 19: 103-391.
Drach,, P. 1944. Etude préliminaire sur le cycle d'intermue et son conditionnement hormonal chez Leander serratus (Pennant). Bull.
Biol. France et Belgique, 78:40-62.
Drach, P. and Tchernigovtzeff, C. 1967. Sur la méthode de détermination des stades d'intermue es son application générale aux
crustacés. Vie et Milieu, 18A: 595-610.
Fernández-Luna I., Oliva M., Carrillo O., Van Wormhoudt, A., 1997.Digestive enzyme activities of Penaeus notialis during
reproduction and moulting cycle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 118A : 1267-1271.
Fernández-Luna, I. 1998. Enzymes digestives, croissance et aquaculture des crevettes Penaeus schmitti et Penaeus notialis. These
de Docteur du museum national d'histoire naturelle. France. 187 pp.
Guary, M.; Kanazawa, A.; Tanaka, N.; Ceccaldi, H.J. 1976. Nutritional requirements of prawn. 6. Requirements for ascorbic acid.
Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ. 25: 53-57.
Gunderson, J.L.; Richards, C.; McDonald, M. 1997. Soft crayfish production by eyestalk ablation can it be profitable?. Freshwater
Crayfish 11. A Journal-of Astacology. Momot, W.T. (ed.) International Association of Astacology , 674 pp
Hagerman, L. 1983. Haemocyanin concentration of juvenile lobsters (Homarus gammarus ) in relation to moulting cycle and feeding
conditions. Mar. Biol. 77: 11-17.
Hånstrom, B. 1989. Hormones in invertebrates. Oxford Univ. Press. London & N.Y., 189 p.
Harpaz, S; Kahan, D.; Galun, R. 1987. Variability in feeding behavior of the Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De
Man) during the molt cycle (Decapoda, Caridea) Crustaceana, 52: 53-60.
Huberman, A., Aguilar, M.B., Brew, k., Shabanowitz, J. and Hunt, D.F. 1993. Primary structure of the major isphorm of the
crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (cHH-I) from the sinus gland of Mexican crayfish Procambarus bouvieri (Ortmann):
Interspecies comparaison. Peptides, 14: 7-16.
Huner, J.V.; Malone, R.; Fingerman, M. 1995, Practical application of eyestalk ablation for producing softshell crawfish. Eighth
International Symposium on Astacology. Romaire, R.P. (ed.) Louisiana State Univ. p. 709.
Khorram, S.; Knight, A.W:. 1976. Effects of temperature and Kelthane on grass shrimp. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., J. Environ. Eng.
Div. 102: 1043-1053.
Kibria, G. 1993. Studies on molting, molting frequency and growth of shrimp Penaeus monodon fed on natural and compounded
diets. Asian Fish. Sci. 6: 203-211.
Lang W.H.; Marcy, M. 1982. Some effects of early starvation on the survival and development of barnacle nauplii, Balanus
improvisus (Darwin). Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, (USA). Dep. Food Science and Technology, 11 pp.
Mali-Boonyaratpalin; Juadee-Phongmaneerat. 1995. Ascorbic acid derivative requirement of Penaeus monodon. Res. Bull. Phuket
Mar. Biol. Cent. 60: 65-73.
McConaugha, J.R. 1985. Nutrition and larval growth. Larval Growth. Wenner, A.M. (ed.). 2: 127-154.
Moreau, G.; Henocque, Y.; Van-Wormhoudt, A.; Martin, B.J.; Ceccaldi, H.J. 1985. Biochemical adaptations to compound diets and
growth in the juvenile lobster, Homarus gammarus L.: Preliminary results. Aquaculture, 48: 313-329.
Nakajima, K. 1991. Dimethyl- beta -propiothetin, a potent growth and molt stimulant for striped prawn. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi
Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 57:1717-1722.
Nolasco, H. 1998. Actividad enzimática digestiva, ritmos circadianos y su relación con la alimentación del camarón. Memorias del
IV Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. La Paz, B.C.S. Noviembre 1998. México.
O'Halloran, M.J.; O'Dor, R.K. 1988. Molt cycle of male snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio , from observations of external features,
setal changes, and feeding behavior. J. Crust. Biol. 8: 164-176.
Petriella,-A.M. 1996. Effect of dietary cholesterol upon setogenesis and moulting frequency in the Argentine prawn Artemesia
longinaris Bate (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae). J. Aquacult. Trop. 11: 167-174.
Ponat, A.; Adelung, D. 1983. Studies to establish an optimal diet for Carcinus maenas . 3. Vitamin and quantitative lipid
requirements. Mar. Biol. 74: 275-279.
Primavera,J.H.; Borlongan,E. 1977. Notes on the induced maturation and spawning in four-month-old Penaeus monodon Fabricius
by eyestalk ablation. Res. Rep. Aquacult. Dep. Southeast Asian Fish. Dev. Cent. 2: 27-29.
Renaud, L. 1949. Le cycle des réserves organiques chez les crustacés decapodés. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. Paris, 24: 259-267.
Rosas, C.; Martinez, E.; Gaxiola, G.; Brito, R.; Diaz-Iglesia, E.; Soto, L.A. 1998. Effect of dissolved oxygen on the energy balance
and survival of Penaeus setiferus juveniles. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 174:67-75.
Shin, Y. K.; Chin, P. 1994. Physiological changes in relation to molt cycle of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan). J. Korean
Fish. Soc. 27: 380-389.
Siegel, P.R. 1984 Food-induced size-specific molt synchrony of the sand crab, Emerita analoga (Stimpson). Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol.
Lab. Woods-Hole. 167:579-589.
Sonntag, N.C.; Greve, W. 1977. Investigation of the impact of mercury on enclosed water columns using a zooplankton simulation
model. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 2295-2307.
Van Wormhoudt, A. y C. Bellon-Humbert. 1996. Bases biológicas del cultivo de crustáceos: Muda. En: Barnabé, G. (ed.) Bases
biológicas y ecológicas de la acuicultura. Editorial Acribia. pp. 237-249.
Vega-Villasante F., Fernández I., Preciado R.M., Oliva M., Tovar D., Nolasco H. 1999. The activity of the digestive enzymes
during the molting stages of the arched swimming Callinectes arcuatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea:Decapoda:Portunidae).
Bull. Marine Sci. 65: 1-9.
Wang, Guizhong; Li, Shaojing. 1989. Preliminary research for the influence of diethylstilbestrol on the growth of juvenile mud crab,
Scylla serrata (Forskal). J. Xiamen Univ. Nat. Sci. 28: 199-202.
Williams, M.J. 1982. Natural food and feeding in the commercial sand crab Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1766 (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Portunidae) in Moreton Bay, Queensland. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 59: 165-176
Wu, Qinse; Yang, Rui; Liu, Cuihong. 1996. The molt stimulation hormone effect on the molt and growth of Penaeus monodon and
Metapenaeus ensis. J. Zhanjiang Fish. Coll. 16: 29-32.