A Meta-Analysis of Essential Amino Acid Requirements of Fish
Keywords:
Meta-analysis, amino acid, requirementAbstract
There are wide variations in the published estimates of essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. Variations
are thought to originate from different choices in mode of expression, response variable, and mathematical
model. Here we conduct a meta-analysis of the growth-based, dose-response trials of 10 EAA in 22 teleost
species: 249 studies were reviewed. Published data were entered in a spreadsheet and re-calculated across in a
standard and systematic manner to allow comparisons. The considered unit of requirement were percentage of
dry diet, g of EAA per MJ of digestible energy (DE), and g of ingested EAA per kg of metabolic body weight
(MBW) per day. Response variables included growth in g per kg MBW per day and thermal-unit growth
coefficient (TGC). Four mathematical models were also compared: broken-lime model (BLM), quadratic model
(QM), broken-quadratic model (BQM), and saturation kinetic model (SKM). Results first indicate important
differences in study quality, as 54% of the reviewed papers were excluded from the meta-analysis, often times
because of poor growth or missing information. Additionally, the final dataset was greatly fragmented: 31% of
the studied concerned rainbow trout, and lysine was the focus of 29% of all studies, leaving some species and
EAA poorly covered. Comparisons of the requirement estimates show important variations between studies,
even within species. With such variability there was no difference in requirement estimates calculated with
different response variables. Similarly, this variability was not different between the three modes of expression,
nor was it between mathematical models. However, there were significant effects of experimental design on the
quality of fit of the models. Specifically, experiments that failed to produce a clear, plateauing dose-response
curve had greatly increased probability to yielding absurd results (e.g. negative requirement). Finally, the
present study emphasizes the critical need of a global, standard and systematic system to report and capture
results from nutrition trials.
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