Un Panorama de los Presupuestos de Nitrógeno para Cultivo de Camarón
Keywords:
shrimp, L. vannamei, nitrogen budget, zero water exchangeAbstract
In recent years, aquaculture research has focused on the minimization of its impact on the environment as effluents
produced by this activity contribute to the eutrophication of the receiving water bodies by the addition of organic
matter and nutrients. Nitrogen is one of these nutrients; it is introduced into culture systems mostly through the
addition of balanced feeds and incorporated into shrimp biomass. However, culture systems may be inefficient in
transforming nitrogen into biomass, its efficiency can be determined through a nitrogen budget. Less efficient
systems may incorporate close to 22% of nitrogen into biomass, while more efficient systems may incorporate up to
46.7%. The remaining nitrogen may be lost as organic nitrogen dissolved in the water and lost through effluents or it
may be trapped in the sediments (14-57%); also it may be lost as inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonia, nitrite
or nitrate (12-37%). Some nitrogen may be unaccounted for at the end of a cycle (5.2-55%) and it may be lost
through ammonia volatilization, N2 gas removal, etc. Information provided by a nitrogen budget can help us identify
areas or procedures within a shrimp farm that require improvement and allow for a reduction of excess nitrogen that
causes pollution, and at the same time, maximize its retention by shrimp.
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