Nutrición y Morfogénesis: Efecto de la Dieta Sobre la Calidad Larvaria en Peces
Palabras clave:
desarrollo, nutrición, larvas, calidadResumen
La mayoría de las deformaciones esqueléticas y problemas pigmentarios aparecen durante las fases larvaria y juvenil,
es decir, durante un corto periodo de tiempo donde diversos procesos biológicos influyen en la organogénesis,
morfogénesis y metamorfosis del animal. En general, las larvas de peces marinos eclosionan con un estadio de
desarrollo menos avanzado que el de los vertebrados superiores, lo que implica que la secuencia del desarrollo del
sistema esquelético y pigmentario en teleósteos sea considerablemente diferente a la de estos. Esta particularidad
representa una notable ventaja a la hora de estudiar el papel que juegan distintos factores bióticos y abióticos sobre el
patrón normal de formación del esqueleto y pigmentación en peces. Las deformidades esqueléticas y problemas de
despigmentación pueden ser causadas por diversos motivos, siendo la nutrición uno de los más importantes. El
presente trabajo es una revisión de los conocimientos que se tienen en la actualidad sobre el rol de determinados
nutrientes (minerales, vitaminas, proteínas y lípidos) sobre el desarrollo de la larva, formación del esqueleto,
aparición de malformaciones esqueléticas, pigmentación y metamorfosis durante los estadios iniciales de desarrollo
de peces marinos.
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