Valor nutricional de los quistes de Artemia y su uso como fuente de proteína en dietas artificiales para larvas de peces
Palabras clave:
Artemia, nutrición, dietas, pecesResumen
La dependencia en el alimento vivo y la carencia de alimentos artificiales adecuados son los
mayores obstáculos para la expansión de la larvicultura en muchas especies de peces. La baja digestibilidad
y la calidad nutricional de los alimentos artificiales son factores que pueden explicar su fracaso como dietas
iniciales para peces. En este trabajo, se analizan los aspectos fisiólogicos relacionados con la capacidad de
las larvas de peces para la digestión del alimento. Adicionalmente, la calidad de la proteína en quistes
desencapsulados y nauplios de Artemia es evaluada, y la factibilidad de utilizar los quistes como fuente de
proteína en microdietas para peces también es analizada. Para estos estudios se utilizó al bagre africano
Clarias gariepinus como especie experimental. Los resultados indican que las larvas del bagre tienen la
capacidad enzimática para digerir la Artemia. El suministro de enzimas digestivas en el alimento vivo tiene
una contribución pequeña en el total de la capacidad de digestión de las larvas. La proteína en Artemia esta
constituída principalmente por proteínas de pesos moleculares pequeños, las cuales pueden ser mas
fácilmente digeribles en comparación con las proteínas en las dietas artificiales. Se sugiere que la estructura
y el tamaño de las proteínas en el alimento para larvas de peces tiene un papel muy importante en su
digestibilidad. Estudios in vitro de la digestibilidad de la proteína de quistes desencapsulados y nauplios de
Artemia, y de microdietas hechas a base de quistes indican tasas mas altas de digestibilidad para estas dietas
comparadas con los alimentos comerciales. El uso de quistes desencapsulados de Artemia como fuente de
proteína en microdietas mejoró su desempeño como dietas iniciales para larvas de peces
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