Dietas para Reproductores de Camarón y su Efecto en la Calidad Larvaria
Abstract
Los requerimientos nutricionales de camarones juveniles han sido ampliamente estudiados,
sin embargo, el conocimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales específicos de los
reproductores es pobre. Consecuentemente, no se dispone actualmente de dietas
compuestas eficientes para la maduración lo cual dificulta la producción de semilla. En una
revisión reciente, Browdy (1998) confirmó que la mayoría de los nauplios de peneidos para
crianza larvaria en laboratorio provienen generalmente de reproductores silvestres grávidos.
Sin embargo, desde hace pocos años se han llevado a cabo estudios en algunos laboratorios
para determinar los requerimientos nutricionales de los reproductores de camarón y el efecto
de los componentes nutricios sobre los huevos y la calidad de las larvas. Este conocimiento
es esencial para formular dietas adecuadas para maduración de camarón y para mejorar la
productividad de la semilla.
Downloads
References
Alava V.R., Kanazawa A., Teshima S. and Koshio S., 1993a. Effect of dietary phospholipids and n-3 highly
unsaturated fatty acids on ovarian development of kuruma prawn. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59 (2),
-351.
Alava V.R., Kanazawa A., Teshima S. and Koshio S., 1993b. Effects of dietary vitamins A, E and C on the
ovarian development Penaeus japonicus. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59 (7), 1235-1241.
Alvarez M., Cahu C. and Stéphan G., 1989. Teneur en alpha-tocophérol des oeufs et des organes des
reproducteurs de Penaeus indicus. Océanis, 15(4), 553-560.
Beard T.W.and Wickins J.F., 1980. Breeding of P. monodon Fabricius in laboratory recirculating systems.
Aquaculture, 20: 79-89.
Blom J.H. and Dabrowski K., 1995. Reproductive success of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in
response to graded dietary ascorbyl monophosphate levels. Biology of Reproduction, 52: 1073-1080.
Bray W.A., and Lawrence A.L., 1990. Reproduction of eyestalk-ablated Penaeus stylirostris fed various levels
of total dietary lipid. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 21(1), 41-52.
Browdy C.L., 1998. Recent developments in penaeid broodstock and seed production technologies : improving
the outlook for superior captive stocks. Aquaculture, 164, 3-21.
Cahu C., Sévère A. and Quazuguel P., 1988. Variation in lipid content in Penaeus indicus during larval
development. ICES, Mariculture Committee /F22, 16pp.
Cahu C., Fakhfakh M. and Quazuguel P., 1991. Effect of dietary a-tocopherol level on reproduction of
Penaeus indicus. In: Larvi’95- Fish and Shellfish Larviculture Symposium (P.Lavens, E. Jaspers and I.
Roelants editors), EAS Special Publication N°15, 242-244, Gent, Belgium.
Cahu C., Villette M., Quazuguel P. and Guillaume J., 1993. The effect of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid
and vitamin E supplementation in broodstock feed on reproduction of Penaeus indicus. In: Fish
Nutrition in Practice, (S. Kaushik Editor), Ed. INRA, Les colloques, Paris , France, Vol. 61, 589-598.
Cahu C., Guillaume J.C., Stéphan G. and Chim L., 1994. Influence of phospholipid and highly unsaturated
fatty acids on spawning rate and egg and tissue composition in Penaeus vannamei fed semi-purified
diets. Aquaculture, 126, 159-170.
Cahu C., Cuzon G. and Quazuguel P., 1995. Effect of highly unsaturated fatty acids, a-tocopherol and
ascorbic acid in broodstock diet on egg composition and development of Penaeus indicus. Comp.
Biochem. Physiol., 112A(3/4), 417-424.
Castille F.L. and lawrence A.L., 1989. Relationship between maturation and chemical composition of the
gonads and digestive glands of the shrimps Penaeus aztecus and Penaeus setiferus. Journal of
Crustacean Biology, 9: 202-211.
Cavalli R.O., Scardua M.P. and Wasielesky W. Jr., 1997. Reproductive performance of different sized wild
and pond-reared Penaeus paulensis females. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 28(3), 260-
Chamberlain G.W. and Lawrence A.L., 1981. Maturation, reproduction and growth of P. vannamei and P.
stylirostris fed natural diets. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 12:209-224.
Coutteau P., Camara M.R. and Sorgeloos P., 1996. The effect of different levels and sources of dietary
phosphatidylcholine on the growth, survival, stress resistance and fatty acid composition of postlarval
Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 147: 261-273.
Cowey C., Adron J., Walton J, Murray J., Yougson A. and Knox D., 1981. Tissue distribution, uptake and
requirement for a-tocopherol of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed diets with a minimal content of
unsaturated fatty acids. J. Nutr., 111: 1556-1567.
Cowey C., Bell J., Knox D., Fraser A. and Yougson A., 1985. Lipids and antioydant systems in developing
eggs of salmon (Salmo salar). Lipids, 20: 567-572.
D’Abramo L.R., Bordner C.E., Baum N.A. and Conklin D.E., 1981. Essentiality of dietary
phosphatidylcholine for the survival of juvenile lobster. J. Nutr., 111:
Draper H., 1980. Role of vitamin E in plant, microbes, invertebrates and fish. In Vitamin E: a comprehensive
treatise, (L.Machlin Edtor), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 392-395.
Galgani M.-L., Cuzon G., Galgani F. et Goguenheim J., 1989. Influence du régime alimentaire sur la
reproduction en captivité de Penaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 81, 337-350.
Guary M., Ceccaldi H. and Kanazawa A., 1975. Variation du taux d’acide ascorbique au cours du
développement de l’ovaire et du cycle d’intermue chez Paleamon serratus. Marine Biology, 32: 349-355.
Harrison K.E., 1990. The role of nutrition in maturation, reproduction and embryonic development of decapod
crustaceans : a review. Journal of Shellfish Research, 9(1), 1-28.
Kanazawa A., Teshima S. and Ono K., 1979. Relationship between essential fatty acid requirements of
aquatic animals and the capacity of bioconversion of linolenic acid in highly unsaturated fatty acid.
Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 63: 295-298.
Kanazawa A., Teshima S. and Sakamoto M., 1985. Effect of dietary lipids, fatty acids and phospholipids on
growth and surviavl of prawn (Penaeus japonicus) larvae. Aquaculture, 50: 39-49.
Kontara E.K., Merchie G. Lavens P., Nelis H., De Leenheer A. and P; Sorgeloos, 1995. Improved larviculture
outputs of postlarval shrimp Penaeus vannamei through supplementation of L-ascorbyl-2-
polyphosphate in the diet. Larvi’95- Fish and Shellfish Larviculture Symposium (P.Lavens, E. Jaspers
and I. Roelants editors), EAS Special Publication N°24, 230-234, Gent, Belgium.
Luquet P. and Watanabe T., 1986. Interaction « nutrition-reproduction » in fish. Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry, 2: 121-129.
Lytle J.S., Lytle T.F. and Ogle J.T., 1990. Polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles as a comparative tool in
assessing maturation diets of Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 89, 287-299.
Marsden G.E., McGuren J.J., Hansford S.W. and Burke M.J., 1997. A moist artificial diet for prawn
broodstock : its effect on the variable reproductive performance of wild caught Penaeus monodon.
Aquaculture, 149, 145-156.
Middledich B.S., Missler S.R., Hines H.B., Mcvey J.P., Brown A.,Ward D.G. and Lawrence A.L., 1980.
Metabolic profiles of peneid shrimp: dietary lipids and ovarian maturation. Journal of Chromatography,
: 359-368.
Nascimento I.A., Bray W.A., Leung Trujillo J.R. and Lawrence A., 1991. Reproduction of ablated and
unablated Penaeus schmitti in captivity using diets consisting of fresh-frozen natural and dried
formulated feeds. Aquaculture, 99, 387-398.
Naessens E., Lavens P., Gomez L., Browdy C.L., McGovern-Hopkins K., Spencer A.W., Kawahigashi D.
and Sorgeloos P., 1997. Maturation performance of Penaeus vannamei co-fed Artemia biomass
preparations. Aquaculture, 155: 87-101.
Palacios E., Perez-Rostro C.I., Ramirez J.L., Ibarra A.M. and Racotta I.S., in press. Reproductive
exhaustion in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) reflected in larval biochemical composition, survival and
growth. Aquaculture.
Primavera J.H., Lim C. and Borlongan E., 1979. Effect of different feeding regimes on reproduction and
survival of ablated Penaeus monodon Fabricius. Quarterly Research Report III (1), 12-15.
Primavera J.H. and Posadas R.A., 1981. Studies on the egg quality of Penaeus monodon fabricius, based on
morphology and hatching rates. Aquaculture, 22: 269-277.
Teshima S., Kanazawa A. and Kakuta Y., 1986. Role of dietary phosholipids in the transport of 14C
tripalmintin in the prawn. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 52: 519-524.
Teshima S., Kanazawa A. and Horinouchi K., 1988a. Lipid metabolism in destalked prawn
Penaeus japonicus : induced maturation and transfer of lipid reserves to the ovaries. Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi, 54(7), 1123-1129.
Waagbo R., Thorsen T. and Sandnes K., 1989. Role of dietary ascorbic acid in vitellogenesis in rainbow trout
(Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture, 80: 301-314.
Xu X.L., Ji W.J., Castell J.D. and O'Dor R.K., 1994. Influence of dietary lipid sources on fecundity, egg
hatchability and fatty acid composition of Chinese prawn (Penaeus chinensis) broodstock. Aquaculture,
, 359-370.