Nutrición de Larvas de Camarón
Abstract
Se examina la literatura existente sobre la nutrición de larvas de camarones peneidos. Esta
revisión cubre dos aspectos generales: requerimientos nutricionales y alimento vivo-dietas
artificiales. Los estudios sobre los requerimientos nutricionales se inician a principios de la
década de los 80 en Penaeus japonicus , analizándose los efectos de los niveles de proteína,
lípidos y carbohidratos en el crecimiento y supervivencia de las larvas. La escencialidad de
fuentes dietéticas que contengan esteroles y fosfolípidos es examinada. Se discute el empleo
de aminoácidos libres en las dietas purificadas y su uso por las larvas y se informa sobre la
utilización de sustancias promotoras del crecimiento. A pesar de la importancia de la fase
larval dentro del cultivo del camarón, poco se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de los
requerimientos nutricionales si lo comparamos con los datos obtenidos para otras etapas del
ciclo de vida. El desarrollo en la tecnología en la elaboración de dietas artificiales y el
enriquecimiento del alimento vivo, han permitido ir dilucidando algunas interrogantes sobre
las necesidades nutricionales de las larvas, sin embargo, sólo el logro de dietas comparables
con el alimento vivo en su capacidad de ingestión, digestión y absorción, harán posible una
amplia investigación sobre sus requerimientos nutricionales. Un aspecto que contribuiría
grandemente a lograr este objetivo, sería la elaboración de dietas estándares de referencia y
el acercamiento a una metodología de investigación común.
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References
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