Uso de Probióticos en Acuacultura
Resumen
Un número creciente de probióticos comerciales están siendo ofrecidos para satisfacer la
demanda de prácticas ambientalmente amigables para el desarrollo de una acuacultura
sustentable. Esta tarea ha sido principalmente empírica, pero la corroboración científica esta
dándose. El concepto original de probiótico fue formulado en referencia a microorganismos
vivos utilizados como suplementos alimenticios, los cuales mejoran la salud del hombre o del
ganado. El primer punto esta dirigido hacia la pertinencia de la aplicación de este concepto a
organismos acuáticos. Una característica importante es que estos tipos de microbiota son
más dependientes del medio ambiente externo que los organismos terrestres. Una
consecuencia práctica es que algunos productos diseñados para mejorar la calidad del agua,
sean catalogados como probióticos, a pesar de que no se trata de suplementos dietarios.
Entre los verdades aditivos alimentarios, los primeros probióticos evaluados fueron
preparaciones comerciales para microbiota terrestre. Sin embargo, la principal atención esta
puesta en probióticos autóctonos que puedan ser capaces de (1) antagonizar con patógenos;
(2) colonizar el tracto gastrointestinal: (3) incrementar la resistencia del hospedero a
enfermedades. Las prometedoras posibilidades de los probióticos están relacionadas con
respecto a aplicaciones nutricionales y veterinarias, pero esto esta moderado por algunas
recomendaciones de manejo cuidadoso e higiénico.
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