Taurine: an Amino Acid Rich in Fish Meal
Resumen
Taurine is a sulfur containing amino acid and is unique in that it is not linked to any protein by a peptide bond.
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in any tissue. Taurine is found in greater concentration in aquatic
foods than in land animal foods and consequently higher in fish meal than in meat meal. Taurine is a conditionally
essential amino acid and is either derived from food/feed or biosynthesized in the liver. The most common pathway
for taurine biosynthesis is by the conversion of cysteine to taurine mediated by the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid
decarboxylase. Physiological functions for taurine include neuromodulation, cardiac calcium ion modulation,
hypolipedemic and hypocholestremic, bile synthesis, osmoregulation, detoxicant and many others. Very little
information on taurine is available on the nutritional requirement and or its biosynthetic ability in aquatic species.
Understanding taurine nutrition is essential to minimize or eliminate the need for fish meal in feeds, a byproduct
whose world supply is constrained by demand from rapid aquaculture development. Knowledge of
nutrition/biosynthesis in various aquatic species may play a key role in the future development of organic
aquaculture farming and in the taxonomy of aquatic species.
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